Popes (chronological List - 1000 to now)

Chronological List of Popes (and Antipopes), after Kelly & Walsh 2010. Their The Oxford Dictionary of Popes contains biographical details of every Pope in AWE's lists, and is available on line, through Athens.

This chronological list is being split into two, for technical reasons. This page contains the Popes from the second millennium; the list for those up to 1000 CE is at Popes (chronological List - to 1000). Note that there was no John XX: the transition in the numbering from John XIX to John XXI is due to early scribal confusion. (There has never been a Pope Joan.)

You may find it more helpful to consult the alphabetical list of Popes. That too has been split, into Popes (alphabetical list A-L) and Popes (alphabetical list - M-Z).

Regnal dates	Papal name	original name	family	notes
999–1003	Silvester II This entry appears also in the list for the 1st millennium	Gerbert		Born c. 945 in Auvergne.
1003	John XVII	John	Sicco, son of John (Roman)
1003–9	John XVIII	John	Fasanus ('Cock'), son of Ursus (Roman)	Perhaps abdicated, 1009
1009–12	Sergius IV	Peter Nicknamed Bucca Porci ('Pig's Snout')	'Son of Peter'; Roman.	Altered his name out of respect for the 'Prince of the Apostles'
1012–24	Benedict VIII	Theophylact	Tusculan (Counts of Tusculum)	Born c. 980
1012	[Gregory (VI)]	Gregory: original and regnal name		Antipope: Crescenti candidate in opposition to Benedict VIII. Nothing is known about his antecedents.
1024–32	John XIX	Romanus	Tusculan brother of Benedict VIII
1032–44	Benedict IX (1st reign)	Theophylact	Tusculan	Nephew of Benedict VIII (also Theophylact Unpopular, licentious. Died 1055 or 1056
1045	Silvester III	John (Bp of Sabina	connected to (supported by) Crescentii	X: "his right to be considered an authentic pope is open to question" Kelly & Walsh 2010
1045	Benedict IX (2nd reign)	Theophylact	Tusculan	Nephew of Benedict VIII (also Theophylact Unpopular, licentious. Died 1055 or 1056
1045–6	Gregory VI	John	Gratian (?related to Pierleoni family)
1046–7	Clement II	Suidger	A Saxon (German)	Proposed by Henry III of Germany to break Roman families' domination of papacy
1047–8	Benedict IX (3rd reign)	Theophylact	Tusculan	Nephew of Benedict VIII (also Theophylact Unpopular, licentious. Died 1055 or 1056
1048	Damasus II	Poppo	German	Pope for 23 days
1049–54	Leo IX	Bruno	Son of Count of Egisheim	Nominated by emperor Henry III (1039–56); Canonized.
1055–7	Victor II	Gebhard	of Dollnstein-Hirschberg (Swabian) Son of Count Hartwig	Born c. 1018: last of the German popes nominated by Henry III (1039–56).
1057–8	Stephen IX (X)	Frederick	of Lorraine (abbot of Monte Cassino
1058–9	[Benedict X]	John	Mincius	Antipope in opposition to Gregory VII. Died (confined) 1073
1058–61	Nicholas II	Gerard	French	Born c. 1010
1061–73	Alexander II	Anselm	'of Baggio' [near Milan]
1061–1064:	[Honorius (II)]	Peter	Cadalus (German descent)	Antipope in opposition to Alexander II. Born 1009/10; d. 1071/2)
1073–85	Gregory VII	Hildebrand	Tuscan	Canonized: "Acknowledged generally as one of the greatest popes and most impressive figures of the medieval world" Kelly & Walsh 2010. Born c. 1020
1080; 1084-1100	[Clement (III)]	Guibert	(of Canossa)	Antipope: Henry IV of Germany had him elected in opposition to Gregory VII (consecrated 1084; d. 1100)
1086–7	Victor III	Desiderius, (orig. Daufer/Daufari)	Abbot of Monte Cassino Related to D.s of Benevento	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint
1088–99	Urban II	Odo (Eudes)	French	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint
1099–1118	Paschal II	Rainerius	(Romagna)
1100–01	[Theoderic]		(?) Roman; Bp of Albano	Antipope in opposition to Paschal II
1101	[Albert (Adalbert)]			Antipope, in opposition to Pascal II (below); died imprisoned in a monastery
1105–11	[Silvester IV]	Maginulf, (archpriest of S. Angelo)		Antipope in opposition to Paschal II
1118–19	Gelasius II	John	of Gaeta
1118–21	[Gregory (VIII)]	Maurice	Bourdin (French)	Antipope in opposition to Gelasius. Born Limoges
1119–24	Callistus II	Son of Count William of Burgundy	Burgundian	Born in Franche Comté c. 1050
1124–30	Honorius II	Lamberto	Scannabecchi (Bolognese)
1124	[Celestine (II)]	Teobaldo		Antipope in opposition to Nonorius II. Elected 15th, resigned 16th Dec. 1124: d. 1125 or 6
1130–43	Innocent II	Gregorio	Roman: (family name, Papareschi, later - from 'papa'	In schism with Anacletus II.
1130–38	[Anacletus II]	Pietro (Cardinal of Sta Maria in Trastevere)	Pierleoni	Antipope (disputed) at time of Innocent III' (below)
1138	[Victor IV #1]	Gregorio	Conti (Frosinone)	Antipope in opposition to Innocent II; succeeded antipope Anacletus II. Only 'reigned' Jan-May.
1143–4	Celestine II	Guido	of Città di Castello, in Umbria
1144–5	Lucius II	Gherardo	Caccianemici (Lombard
1145–53	Eugene/Eugenius III	Bernardo	Pignatelli	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. Born at Pisa in 1128.
1153–4	Anastasius IV		Roman; Corrado
1154–9	Hadrian IV	Nicholas	Breakspear, son of Richard	Born c. 1100; the only English pope
1159–81	Alexander III	Orlando (Roland), son of Ranuccio	Bandinelli	Born at Siena c. 1100
1159–64	[Victor IV #2]	Ottaviano	of Monticelli (Sabina)	Antipope in opposition to Alexander III
1164–8	[Paschal III]	Guido	of Crema	Antipope in opposition to Alexander III.
1168–78	[Callistus (III)]	Giovanni		Antipope; Frederick Barbarossa's candidate against Alexander III. Submitted 1178; d. before 1184.
1179–80	[Innocent (III)]	Lando	Lombard	Antipope in opposition to Alexander III.
1181-5	Lucius III	Ubaldo	Allucingoli (Tuscan).	Born c. 1110 at Lucca,
1185–7	Urban III	Umberto	Crivelli (Milanese)
1187	Gregory VIII	Alberto	de Morra , Campania (Italy)	Born c. 1110 at Benevento,
1187–91	Clement III	Paolo	Scolari (Roman)
1191–8	Celestine III	Giacinto	Bobo (Boboni, later Orsini) family	Born c. 1105, elected at 85
1198–1216	Innocent III	Lotario	son of count of Segni	Born 1160/61
1216–27	Honorius III	Censio	Savelli
1227–41	Gregory IX	Ugo or Ugolino	Nephew of Innocent III; son of count of Segni	Born c.1170
1241	Celestine IV	Goffredo	da Castiglione	Died within days of election.
1243–54	Innocent IV	Sinibaldo	Fieschi (Genoese)	son of Count Hugo of Lavagna
1254–61	Alexander IV	Rinaldo	son of Philip count of Ienne
1261–4	Urban IV	Jacques	Pantaléon (French)	Patriarch of Jerusalem
1265–8	Clement IV	Guy	Foucois (French)	Born c. 1195
1271–6	Gregory X	Tedaldo	Visconti	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. Nobly born c. 1210 at Piacenza
1276	Innocent V	Pierre	'of Tarentaise' (French)	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. Born c. 1224,
1276	Hadrian V	Ottobono	Fieschi (Genoese)	Born c. 1205. Not a priest, nor consecrated as Pope
1276–7	John XXI	Pedro	Julião (better known as Peter of Spain); Portuguese	Born (son of a doctor) 1210/20
1277–80	Nicholas III	Giovanni Gaetano	Orsini	Born 1210/20
1281–5	Martin IV	Simon	de Brie, or Brion; French	Born between 1210 and 20
1285–7	Honorius IV	Giacomo	Savelli (Roman); grand-nephew of Honorius III	Born 1210
1288–92	Nicholas IV	Girolamo	Masci (Italian)	Franciscan friar, born 1227
1294	Celestine V	Pietro	del Morrone	Hermit (peasant stock); elected after stalemate. Canonized (St Peter Celestine); only Pope to abdicate voluntarily.
1294–1303	Boniface VIII	Benedetto	Caetani.	Born c. 1235
1303–4	Benedict XI	Niccolò	Boccasino	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. Born at Treviso in 1240
1305–14	Clement V	Bertrand	de Got. A Gascon (French)	First Avignon Pope. Born c. 1250
1316–34	John XXII	Jacques	Duèse (French)	Avignon Pope. Born at Cahors c. 1244
1328-1330	[Nicholas V]	Pietro	Rainalducci (Southern Italian)	Antipope in opposition to John XXII. Franciscan. "he seems to have been a harmless person of little importance" (Kelly & Walsh 2010). D. 1333
1334–42	Benedict XII	Jacques	Fournier	Avignon Pope. French; born c. 1280–85
1342–52	Clement VI	Pierre	son of Guillaume Roger (French)	Avignon Pope.
1352–62	Innocent VI	Étienne	Aubert (French)	Avignon Pope.
1362–70	Urban V	Guillaume	de Grimoard (French)	Avignon Pope - the last to die there. Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. B. c. 1310
1370–78	Gregory XI	Pierre Roger	de Beaufort (French)	Avignon Pope who returned to Rome in 1377. Born c. 1330
1378-1389	Urban VI	Bartolomeo	Prignano (Neapolitan)	Born c. 1318. The cause of the Great (Western) Schism.
1378–94	[Clement (VII)]	Robert	son of count of Geneva	Antipope in opposition to Urban IV: first of the the antipopes of the Great (Western) Schism.
1389–1404	Boniface IX	Pietro	Tomacelli	Born c. 1350 at Naples
1394–1417	[Benedict (XIII)]	Pedro	de Luna (Spanish)	Antipope in opposition to Boniface IX; ; born c. 1342/3; died 1423
1404–6	Innocent VII	Cosimo Gentile	de' Migliorati	Born c. 1336 at Sulmona, in the Abruzzi,
1406–15	Gregory XII	Angelo	Correr; Venetian	Born c. 1325
1409–10	[Alexander V]	Pietro (Peter of Candia)	Philarghi	antipope in opposition to both Gregory XII and Antipope Benedict XIII (below): "some historians give him the compromise description of 'council pope'" (Kelly & Walsh 2010)
1410–15	[John (XXIII)]	Baldassare	Cossa (Neapolitan)	Antipope in opposition to Gregory XII & Benedict XIII. Abdicated 1415; died 1419
1417–31	Martin V	Oddo	Colonna. Italian	Born 1368,
1423–9	[Clement (VIII)]	Gil Sanchez	Muñoz y Carbón (Spanish)	Antipope in opposition to Martin V. Born c. 1360, d, 1446
1425–?1430	[Benedict (XIV)] #1	Bernard	Garnier	Antipope in opposition to Clement VIII; very obscure.
1431–47	Eugene/Eugenius IV	Gabriele	Condulmaro (Venetian)	Born c.1383
1439–49	[Felix V]]	Amadeus	Duke of Savoy	Antipope in opposition to Eugene IV and Nicholas V, in favour of whom he abdicated Born Chambéry 1383; d. 1451. Last Antipope.
1447–55	Nicholas V	Tommaso	Parentucelli (Ligurian)
1455–8	Callistus III	Alfonso	de Borja or Borgia	Born in Valencia, 1378
1458–64	Pius II	Enea Silvio	Piccolomini	Born 1405 near Siena
1464–71	Paul II	Pietro	Barbo (Venetian)	Born 1417, nephew of Eugene IV
1471–84	Sixtus IV	Francesco	della Rovere (Ligurian)	Born 1414. Builder & namer of the Sistine Chapel
1484–92	Innocent VIII	Giovanni Battista	Cibò.	Son of a Roman, born at Genoa 1432
1492–1503	Alexander VI	Rodrigo de Borja y Borja	Borgia
1503	PiusIII	Francesco	Todeschini (later Piccolomini)	Born at Siena in 1439; nephew of Pius II. Ruled 10 days
1503–13	Julius II	Giuliano	della Rovere (Italian)	Born 1443. Il Terribile: warlike and temporal. Michelangelo's patron.
1513–21	Leo X	Giovanni	de' Medici; son of Lorenzo the Magnificent	Born 1475. His extravagance, + building St Peter's, led to sale of indulgences, and helped spark the Reformation.
1522–3	Hadrian VI	Adrian Florensz	Dedal (or Boeyens) (Dutch)	Last non-Italian Pope before John Paul II
1523–34	Clement VII	Giulio	de' Medici, bastard of Giuliano and nephew of Lorenzo the Magnificent	Born at Florence 1479
1534–49	Paul III	Alessandro	Farnese (Latian)	Born 1468
1550–55	Julius III	Giovanni Maria	Ciocchi del Monte (Roman)	Born 1487. Patron of Michelangelo, Palestrina and the Jesuits.
1555	Marcellus II	Marcello (personal & regnal)	Cervini (Italian)	Born 1501
1555–9	Paul IV	Giampietro II	Carafa (Campanian)	Born 1476.
1559–65	PiusIV	Giovanni Angelo	Medici (not a Florentine Medici)	Born at Milan 1499
1566–72	Pius V	Michele (Dom. name) (born Antonio)	Ghislieri	Canonized. Born 1504; a shepherd until he became a Dominican at 14.
1572–85	Gregory XIII	Ugo	Boncompagni (Lombard)	Born at Bologna on 1 Jan. 1502. Introduced the Gregorian calendar in 1582
1585–90	Sixtus V	Felice	Peretti	Born 1520. The instigator of the Sistine Vulgate
1590	Urban VII	Giambattista	Castagna	Roman (Genoese father). Born 1521
1590–91	Gregory XIV	Niccolò	Sfondrati (Milanese)	Born 1535
1591	Innocent IX	Giovanni Antonio	Fachinetti (Bolognese)	Born 1519 at Bologna
1592–1605	Clement VIII	Ippolito	Aldobrandini	Born at Fano 1536. The instigator of the Clementine Vulgate
1605	Leo XI	Alessandro Ottaviano	de' Medici	Born 1535. Devout Pope supporting Tridentine reforms
1605–21	Paul V	Camillo	Borghese (Roman)	Born 1552
1621–3	Gregory XV	Alessandro	Ludovisi	Born at Bologna, 1554
1623–44	Urban VIII	Maffeo	Barberini: Florentine	Born 1568
1644–55	Innocent X	Giambattista	Pamphili (Roman)	Born 1574. His portrait by Velásquez was an inspiration to Francis Bacon's 'Screaming Popes' paintings.
1655–67	Alexander VII	Fabio	Chigi	Born 1599 at Siena
1667–9	Clement IX	Giulio	Rospigliosi	Born 1600
1670–76	Clement X	Emilio	Altieri	Born in Rome 1590
1676–89	Innocent XI	Benedetto	Odescalchi	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. Born at Como on 19 May 1611
1689–91	Alexander VIII	Pietro	Ottoboni	born at Venice, 1610
1691–1700	Innocent XII	Antonio	Pignatelli	Born in Naples 1615,
1700–21	Clement XI	Giovanni Francesco	\ Born at Urbino 1649
1721–4	Innocent XIII	Michelangelo	dei Conti	Son of duke of Poli; born there 1655
1724–30	Benedict XIII	Pietro Francesco	Orsini
1730–40	Clement XII	Lorenzo	Corsini (Florentine	Born 1652
1740–58	Benedict XIV	Prospero Lorenzo	Lambertini	Born 1675
1758–69	Clement XIII	Carlo	della Torre Rezzonico	Born at Venice 1693
1769–74	Clement XIV	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio (Franciscan, named Fr Lorenzo	Ganganelli
1775–99	Pius VI	Giovanni Angelo	Braschi	Born in Emilia, 1717. Died in exile from the Napoleonic Roman Republic in 1799.
1800–23	Pius VII	Luigi Barnabà (born) Gregorio (Ben. name)	Chiaramonte	Born in Emilia, 1742 (like his relative Pius VI; Benedictine
1823–9	Leo XII	Annibale Sermattei	della Genga (Umbrian)	Born 1760
1829–30	Pius VIII	Francesco Saverio	Castiglione	Born near Ancona 1761
1831–46	Gregory XVI	Bartolomeo Alberto	Cappellari (Venetian)	Born 1765: monastic name Mauro
1846–78	Pius IX	Giovanni Maria	Mastai-Ferretti	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. Born Ancona, 1792. Driven from Rome in 1848, returning in 1850, by the third Roman Republic (1849)
1878–1903	Leo XIII	Gioacchino Vincenzo	Pecci	Born 1810
1903–14	Pius X	Giuseppe Melchiorre	Sarto	Canonized. Born Upper Venetia, 1835
1914–22	Benedict XV	Giacomo	Della Chiesa	Born 1854.
1922–39	Pius XI	Ambrogio Damiano Achille	Ratti	Born 1857 near Milan
1939–58	Pius XII	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni	Pacelli	Born in Rome 1876. Strove for peace in WWII, but attacked for not working against the Holocaust, e.g. in Hochhuth's play Der Stellvertreter ("The Representative") of 1963
1958–63	John XXIII	Angelo Giuseppe	Roncalli (Italian)	Blessed, the rank in the canon below that of Saint. Born 1881
1963–78	Paul VI	Giovanni Battista	Montini (Lombard)	Born 1897
1978	John Paul I	Albino	Luciani (Italian)	Born 1912, "God's candidate": 1st working-class pope since early years. Reigned just over a month.
1978–2005	John Paul II	Karol	Wojtyla (Polish)	1st non-Italian (1st Slav) pope since Hadrian VI (1522)
2005–2013	Benedict XVI	Josef	Ratzinger (German)	Resigned (first Pope to do so for 500 yrs). Born 1927
2013	Francis	Jorge Maria	Bergoglio (Argentinian)	His current (2014) Holiness. 1st South American Pope

"Alphabetical List of Popes and Antipopes (names of antipopes in italics)" The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. by J. N. D. Kelly. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Hull. 18 June 2010 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t99.e1046>