Pronunciation of Latin proper names

Latin proper names (mostly the names of places and of individuals in the world of ancient Rome) are generally pronounced in accordance with the rules for the Pronunciation of Classical Latin, but there are some exceptions.

• The names of some well-known places and individuals usually appear in an anglicised form, i.e., they have been adapted to conform more closely to the nature of the English language - e.g. Rome for Roma, Milan for Mediolanum, Livy for the historian [Titus] Livius, Virgil for the poet [Publius] Vergilius [Maro], and Horace for the poet [Quintus] Horatius [Flaccus]: these names are pronounced as if they were English words.

• The names of some other Romans are not anglicized in writing, but even so are pronounced as if they were English words - e.g., Cicero is pronounced 'sisero', IPA: /'sɪsərəʊ/, (not, as it would have been in the Classical Period, 'kikero', IPA: /'kɪkɛro/); Julius Caesar is pronounced with the 'j' of Julius as in 'jam' , and 'Caesar' as 'seezer' (IPA: /'dʒuːljəs 'sizə^r/) (in classical times, it would have been more like 'YOO-li-oos KAI-ser' (IPA: /'juːlɪʊs 'kaɪsɑːr/); and the poet Propertius is pronounced 'propershus' (IPA: /prə'pərʃəs/), with three syllables, rather than 'pro-PERT-i-oos' (IPA: /prɔ'pertɪʊs/), with four.